replaced buffer handling thread with timer in CommunicationProtocol,

therefore implemented RecurringTimer,
implemented ICloneable for ExtendedByte,
implemented second stage queue to buffer data in TerminalViewModel,
updating data in UI in a separate task,
fixed warnings

Common/Helpers/RecurringTimer.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+namespace Common.Helpers;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// A <see cref="System.Timers.Timer"/> that recurrs after a given interval. 
+/// The callback is non-reentrant, unline a standard <see cref="System.Timers.Timer"/>.
+/// </summary>
+public class RecurringTimer : IDisposable
+{
+    private readonly System.Timers.Timer _timer;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Instanciates the recurring timer, with the <paramref name="intervalMs"/> given.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="intervalMs">interval to act on callback, in milliseconds</param>
+    /// <param name="callbackAction">action to perform when the timer elapses</param>
+    public RecurringTimer(int intervalMs, Action callbackAction)
+    {
+        _timer = new System.Timers.Timer()
+        {
+            AutoReset = false,
+            Interval = intervalMs
+        };
+
+        _timer.Elapsed += delegate
+        {
+            callbackAction();  // perform callback action
+            _timer.Start(); // manual restart after action finished
+        };
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Starts the timing by setting <see cref='System.Timers.Timer.Enabled'/> to <see langword='true'/>.
+    /// </summary>
+    public void Start()
+    {
+        _timer.Start();
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Stops the timing by setting <see cref='System.Timers.Timer.Enabled'/> to <see langword='false'/>.
+    /// </summary>
+    public void Stop()
+    {
+        _timer.Stop();
+    }
+
+    public void Dispose()
+    {
+        _timer?.Dispose();
+    }
+}

MultiTerm.Core/ViewModel/MultiFormatDataViewModel.cs

@@ -16,8 +16,7 @@ public partial class MultiFormatDataViewModel : ObservableObject
     private int dataCharacterCount = 0;
     private List<byte>? listOfPreviousCharacters = null;
 
-    #region ICommunicationDataViewModel Implementation
+    #region Observable Properties
-
     [ObservableProperty]
     private ObservableCollection<ByteDataViewModel> data = new();
     
@@ -40,7 +39,7 @@ public partial class MultiFormatDataViewModel : ObservableObject
     /// <summary>
     /// Newline Sequence string inserted on every newline in the <see cref="DataAsString"/>.
     /// </summary>
-    public static string NewlineSequence = Environment.NewLine;
+    public static readonly string NewlineSequence = Environment.NewLine;
 
     public MultiFormatDataViewModel(IContext context)
     {

MultiTerm.Core/ViewModel/TerminalViewModel.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-using Common;
+using Common.AppSettings;
-using Common.AppSettings;
 using Common.Helpers;
 using Common.Messaging;
 using CommunityToolkit.Mvvm.ComponentModel;
@@ -9,6 +8,7 @@ using MultiTerm.Core.Types;
 using MultiTerm.Protocols;
 using MultiTerm.Protocols.Model;
 using MultiTerm.Protocols.Types;
+using System.Collections.Concurrent;
 
 namespace MultiTerm.Core.ViewModel;
 
@@ -19,6 +19,11 @@ public abstract partial class TerminalViewModel : ObservableObject, ITerminalVie
     private readonly IAppSettingsProvider appSettings;
     private readonly IMessenger messenger;
     
+    private readonly RecurringTimer displayNewDataTimer;        // Timer for data updates
+    private const int displayNewDataTimerIntervalMs = 20;       // after x milliseconds new data is fed forward to the UI
+    private readonly ConcurrentQueue<IEnumerable<ExtendedByte>> receivedDataQueue = new();  // Queue to buffer received data from communication protocol
+    private readonly ConcurrentQueue<IEnumerable<ExtendedByte>> sentDataQueue = new();      // Queue to buffer sent data (as reported from communication protocol)
+
     public abstract TerminalViewType ViewType { get; }
 
     private ProtocolType protocolType;
@@ -96,10 +101,14 @@ public abstract partial class TerminalViewModel : ObservableObject, ITerminalVie
     {
         this.appSettings = appSettings;
         this.messenger = messenger;
+        this.displayNewDataTimer = new RecurringTimer(displayNewDataTimerIntervalMs, delegate() { this.UpdateDisplayedData(); });
+        this.displayNewDataTimer.Start();
     }
 
     ~TerminalViewModel()
     {
+        this.displayNewDataTimer?.Stop();
+
         if (this.CommunicationProtocol != null)
         {
             // disconnect communication protocol
@@ -128,47 +137,61 @@ public abstract partial class TerminalViewModel : ObservableObject, ITerminalVie
             this.CommunicationProtocol.ConnectionStateChangedEvent += CommunicationProtocol_ConnectionStateChangedEvent;
         }
 
-        // initializes default newline separators, updates them directly inside ReceivedData and SentData objects
+        // initializes default newline separators, updates them directly
         this.InitializeNewlineSeparatorsFromAppSettings();
+    }
+
+    private void CommunicationProtocol_ConnectionStateChangedEvent(object? sender, ProtocolConnectionState e)
+    {
+        // update internal state
+        this.CommunicationProtocolConnectionState = e;
+        this.CommunicationProtocolLongIdentifier = this.CommunicationProtocol!.LongInstanceIdentifier;
 
-        // update newline settings in data objects
+        // If ViewModel still displays connected after unintentional disconnect => force to disconnected state
-        // TODO!!!
+        // allows user to change settings
-        //this.ReceivedData.NewlineSeparator = this.DataDisplayNewlineSeparatorType;
+        if (e == ProtocolConnectionState.UnintentionallyDisconnected && this.ProtocolSettings!.DisplaysConnected == true)
-        //this.SentData.NewlineSeparator = this.DataDisplayNewlineSeparatorType;
+        {
+            this.ProtocolSettings.ForceConnectedState(false);
+        }
     }
 
+    #region Communication Protocol Data Handling
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Add newly received data to display.
+    /// </summary>
     public abstract void DisplayNewReceivedData(IEnumerable<ExtendedByte> newData);
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Add newly sent data to display.
+    /// </summary>
+    public abstract void DisplayNewSentData(IEnumerable<ExtendedByte> newData);
 
     private void CommunicationProtocol_ReceivedDataEvent(object? sender, ReceivedDataEventArgs e)
     {
-        // handover data
+        this.receivedDataQueue.Enqueue(e.ReceivedData);
-        this.DisplayNewReceivedData(e.ReceivedData);
     }
 
-    public abstract void DisplayNewSentData(IEnumerable<ExtendedByte> newData);
-
     private void CommunicationProtocol_SentDataEvent(object? sender, SentDataEventArgs e)
     {
-        // handover data
+        this.sentDataQueue.Enqueue(e.SentData);
-        this.DisplayNewSentData(e.SentData);
     }
 
-    private void CommunicationProtocol_ConnectionStateChangedEvent(object? sender, ProtocolConnectionState e)
+    private async void UpdateDisplayedData()
     {
-        // update internal state
+        // display new data in seperate tasks
-        this.CommunicationProtocolConnectionState = e;
+        if(this.receivedDataQueue.TryDequeue(out var newReceivedData))
-        this.CommunicationProtocolLongIdentifier = this.CommunicationProtocol!.LongInstanceIdentifier;
-
-        // If ViewModel still displays connected after unintentional disconnect => force to disconnected state
-        // allows user to change settings
-        if (e == ProtocolConnectionState.UnintentionallyDisconnected && this.ProtocolSettings!.DisplaysConnected == true)
         {
-            this.ProtocolSettings.ForceConnectedState(false);
+            await Task.Run(() => this.DisplayNewReceivedData(newReceivedData));
+        }
+        if(this.sentDataQueue.TryDequeue(out var newSentData))
+        {
+            await Task.Run(() => this.DisplayNewSentData(newSentData));            
         }
     }
 
     #endregion
 
+    #endregion
+
     /// <summary>
     /// Sends the given data to this instances <see cref="CommunicationProtocol"/>. 
     /// Appends configured <see cref="SendNewlineSeparatorType"/> to the end of string.
@@ -294,10 +317,16 @@ public abstract partial class TerminalViewModel : ObservableObject, ITerminalVie
         catch { }
     }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Act when DisplayData NewlineSeparator Changed. 
+    /// For example rearrange data according to new newline separator.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="newType"></param>
     protected abstract void ActOnDataDisplayNewlineSeparatorTypeChanged(NewlineSeparatorType newType);
 
     partial void OnDataDisplayNewlineSeparatorTypeChanged(NewlineSeparatorType value)
     {
+        // inform derivatives
         this.ActOnDataDisplayNewlineSeparatorTypeChanged(value);
     }
     #endregion

MultiTerm.Protocols/CommunicationProtocol.cs

@@ -14,7 +14,9 @@ public abstract class CommunicationProtocol : ICommunicationProtocol
     protected readonly IMessenger messenger;
     private CancellationTokenSource cancellationTokenSource;
     private Thread? readingThread;
-    private Thread? bufferHandlingThread;
+    private RecurringTimer? bufferHandlingTimer;
+    private const int bufferHandlingTimerIntervalMs = 20;   // After x milliseconds the timer shall be called
+    private const int eventBlockSize = 50;                  // Block size for Received/Sent Data events
     private ConcurrentQueue<ExtendedByte>? receivedDataQueue;
     private ConcurrentQueue<ExtendedByte>? sentDataQueue;
 
@@ -63,7 +65,7 @@ public abstract class CommunicationProtocol : ICommunicationProtocol
         // perform all steps in a task, to prevent deadlock when this method is called from a thread that is joined.
         Task.Run(() =>
         {
-            this.CancelThreads();
+            this.CancelOngoingOperations();
             this.logger.LogError($"'{nameof(OnUnintentionallyDisconnected)}()' called.", nameof(CommunicationProtocol));
 
             // update state
@@ -143,8 +145,8 @@ public abstract class CommunicationProtocol : ICommunicationProtocol
             this.receivedDataQueue = new ConcurrentQueue<ExtendedByte>();
             this.sentDataQueue = new ConcurrentQueue<ExtendedByte>();
             // start interal buffer handling thread
-            this.bufferHandlingThread = new Thread(() => this.HandleDataQueues(this.cancellationTokenSource.Token));
+            this.bufferHandlingTimer = new(bufferHandlingTimerIntervalMs, delegate() { this.HandleDataQueues(); });
-            this.bufferHandlingThread.Start();
+            this.bufferHandlingTimer.Start();
             // start internal reading thread
             this.readingThread = new Thread(() => this.InternalRead(this.cancellationTokenSource.Token));
             this.readingThread.Start();
@@ -166,69 +168,85 @@ public abstract class CommunicationProtocol : ICommunicationProtocol
     protected abstract void InternalDisconnect();
     public void Disconnect()
     {
-        this.CancelThreads();
+        this.CancelOngoingOperations();
         this.InternalDisconnect();
 
         this.State = ProtocolConnectionState.NotConnected;
     }
 
     /// <summary>
-    /// Sets cancellation token and makes sure both threads do not run anymore.
+    /// Sets cancellation token and makes sure ongoing operations do not run anymore.
     /// </summary>
-    private void CancelThreads()
+    private void CancelOngoingOperations()
     {
         this.cancellationTokenSource.Cancel();
 
-        // join both threads if they exist
+        // stop thread and timer
         this.readingThread?.Join();
-        this.bufferHandlingThread?.Join();
+        this.bufferHandlingTimer?.Stop();
     }
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Internal handling of internal data queues.
+    /// Arranges characters into blocks and raises <see cref="ReceivedDataEvent"/> and <see cref="SentDataEvent"/>.
     /// </summary>
-    /// <param name="ct">cancellation token</param>
+    private void HandleDataQueues()
-    private void HandleDataQueues(CancellationToken ct)
     {
-        while(ct.IsCancellationRequested == false)
+        bool receivedDataAvailable = this.receivedDataQueue != null && this.receivedDataQueue.TryPeek(out _);
+        bool sentDataAvailable = this.sentDataQueue != null && this.sentDataQueue.TryPeek(out _);
+        List<ExtendedByte> internalList = new();
+
+        List<ExtendedByte> duplicateInternalList()
         {
-            bool receivedDataAvailable  = this.receivedDataQueue != null && this.receivedDataQueue.TryPeek(out _);
+            // shallow copy of data
-            bool sentDataAvailable      = this.sentDataQueue != null     && this.sentDataQueue.TryPeek(out _);
+            var duplicatedList = internalList.Select(item => (ExtendedByte)item.Clone()).ToList();
+            // clear internal list
+            internalList.Clear();
+            return duplicatedList;
+        }
 
-            // collect received data
+        // collect received data
-            if (receivedDataAvailable)
+        if (receivedDataAvailable)
+        {
+            // while data is available
+            while (this.receivedDataQueue!.TryDequeue(out ExtendedByte? newReceivedByte))
             {
-                // something is in the queue => block thread and try dequeue
+                // fill it into the internal list
-                ExtendedByte? newReceivedData;
+                internalList.Add(newReceivedByte);
-                while (this.receivedDataQueue!.TryDequeue(out newReceivedData) == false)
+                if(internalList.Count > eventBlockSize)
                 {
-                    Thread.Sleep(1);
+                    // raise event with block of data
+                    this.ReceivedDataEvent?.Invoke(this, new ReceivedDataEventArgs(duplicateInternalList()));
                 }
-                // raise event
-                this.ReceivedDataEvent?.Invoke(this, new ReceivedDataEventArgs(new ExtendedByte[] { newReceivedData }));
             }
+            // no more new data but still some data in the list => send it
+            if (internalList.Count > 0)
+            {
+                this.ReceivedDataEvent?.Invoke(this, new ReceivedDataEventArgs(duplicateInternalList()));
+            }
+            // reset list for sent data
+            internalList = new();
+        }        
 
-            // collect sent data
+        // collect sent data
-            if (sentDataAvailable)
+        if (sentDataAvailable)
+        {
+            // while data is available
+            while (this.sentDataQueue!.TryDequeue(out ExtendedByte? newSentByte))
             {
-                // something is in the queue => block thread and try dequeue
+                // fill it into the internal list
-                ExtendedByte? newSentData;
+                internalList.Add(newSentByte);
-                while (this.sentDataQueue!.TryDequeue(out newSentData) == false)
+                if (internalList.Count > eventBlockSize)
                 {
-                    Thread.Sleep(1);
+                    // raise event with block of data
+                    this.SentDataEvent?.Invoke(this, new SentDataEventArgs(duplicateInternalList()));
                 }
-                // raise event
-                this.SentDataEvent?.Invoke(this, new SentDataEventArgs(new ExtendedByte[] { newSentData }));
             }
-
+            // no more new data but still some data in the list => send it
-            // generally wait some time to slow down thread, if no data available
+            if (internalList.Count > 0)
-            if (!receivedDataAvailable && !sentDataAvailable)
             {
-                Thread.Sleep(5);
+                this.SentDataEvent?.Invoke(this, new SentDataEventArgs(duplicateInternalList()));
             }
-
-            // always sleep 1ms to keep UI rolling
-            Thread.Sleep(1);
         }
     }
 

MultiTerm.Protocols/Model/ExtendedByte.cs

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ namespace MultiTerm.Protocols.Model;
 /// A time can be stored in combination with this <see cref="byte"/> using the <see cref="Time"/> property. E.g. to represent arrived or sent time.
 /// Several methods to display the <see cref="byte"/> in other formats are provided.
 /// </summary>
-public partial class ExtendedByte
+public partial class ExtendedByte : ICloneable
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// Data in the form of a byte.
@@ -127,4 +127,11 @@ public partial class ExtendedByte
 
         return resultString;
     }
+
+    #region ICloneable
+    public object Clone()
+    {
+        return this.MemberwiseClone();
+    }
+    #endregion
 }